Energy

Energy is the capacity or ability of a system to perform work, produce change, or cause physical phenomena. It exists in various forms, such as kinetic energy (the energy of motion), potential energy (stored energy based on position), thermal energy (related to temperature), chemical energy (stored in chemical bonds), and nuclear energy (stored in atomic nuclei). Energy can be transformed from one form to another, obeying the law of conservation of energy, which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted. In various contexts, energy is crucial for driving processes in physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering, and it is fundamental to the operation of all systems in nature and human-made environments. Energy is typically measured in joules (J) or calories, and it plays a vital role in powering machinery, heating and cooling systems, transportation, and sustaining all living organisms.